Power Factor
For a DC circuit the power is P=VI, and this relationship also holds for the instantaneous power in an AC circuit. However, the average power in an AC circuit expressed in terms of the rms voltage and current is
where 
is the phase angle between the voltage and current. The additional term is called the power factor
is the phase angle between the voltage and current. The additional term is called the power factor
From the phasor diagram for AC impedance, it can be seen that the power factor is R/Z. For a purely resistive AC circuit, R=Z and the power factor = 1.
Significance of Power Factor
A power factor of one or "unity power factor" is the goal of any electric utility company since if the power factor is less than one, they have to supply more current to the user for a given amount of power use. In so doing, they incur more line losses. They also must have larger capacity equipment in place than would be otherwise necessary. As a result, an industrial facility will be charged a penalty if its power factor is much different from 1.
-is the combination of reactive power and true power. It is the product of a circuit's voltage and current, without reference to phase angle. It is measured in the unit of Volt-Amps (VA) and is symbolized by the capital letter S.
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Reflection:
I have learned the concept behind the power triangle and it's method for finding the unknowns. I'm also surprised that power factor has a big role especially when we are dealing with electricity consumption.
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